Rasgos de personalidad y rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Medicina: evidencia desde el modelo de los cinco factores en Paraguay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63957/veritas.v8i2.0292Palabras clave:
personalidad, rendimiento académico, estudiantes de Medicina, estrés académico, modelo de los cinco factoresResumen
El rendimiento académico en la carrera de Medicina está influido por diversos factores individuales y contextuales, entre los cuales los rasgos de personalidad han cobrado creciente interés. El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre las dimensiones de la personalidad, evaluadas mediante el modelo de los cinco factores, el estrés académico percibido, el tiempo de estudio semanal y el rendimiento académico autorreportado en estudiantes de Medicina en Paraguay. Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo, que incluyó a 201 estudiantes de Medicina de universidades públicas y privadas. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un cuestionario digital autoadministrado que incluyó el Inventario de Personalidad de Diez Ítems, preguntas sobre estrés académico, hábitos de estudio y promedio académico. Los resultados mostraron que la responsabilidad fue el único rasgo de personalidad asociado significativamente con el rendimiento académico (p < 0,001), así como con el año de la carrera (p = 0,007) y el tiempo de estudio semanal (p < 0,001). La estabilidad emocional se relacionó con el nivel de estrés académico percibido (p = 0,001), sin asociación directa con el promedio académico. Se concluye que la responsabilidad constituye un factor clave para comprender el desempeño académico, mientras que la estabilidad emocional resulta relevante para interpretar el malestar psicológico durante la formación médica.
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